Military Developments in Eastern DRC

The DRC government is acquiring three Wing Loong 2 combat drones from China as part of efforts to strengthen its military capabilities in response to the M23/AFC coalition, which Kinshasa designates as a terrorist group.

Negotiations are ongoing with the Chinese defence firm CATIC for the drones, which offer long endurance and precision-strike capabilities. These aircraft are expected to enhance the operations of the Congolese Armed Forces (FARDC) and allied militias, including Wazalendo. The new Wing Loong 2 models reportedly offer greater range and payload capacity than the Chinese CH-4 drones already in the DRC’s arsenal.

M23 forces, reportedly supported by Rwanda, have held control of key cities such as Goma and Bukavu since January 2025, contributing to instability and the displacement of approximately 7.3 million people. FARDC and its allies have launched counteroffensives, while peace negotiations continue in Doha. Former President Joseph Kabila has returned to Goma, adding to the political landscape.

The Wing Loong 2 drones are expected to improve surveillance and targeting capacity, particularly in contested regions like Walikale and Masisi. These developments could shift military dynamics in favour of the DRC government.

The DRC’s procurement of military equipment from China reflects broader strategic relationships. This comes at a time when the country has also signed a mining agreement with the United States, underscoring its diverse international partnerships. China remains a leading exporter of both armed and unarmed drones globally.

Sources from Africa Security Analysis report that FARDC may be planning drone operations targeting areas under M23 control, including Goma and surrounding villages. Recent military engagements in Walikale have resulted in casualties and equipment losses.

Meanwhile, M23 forces have advanced in South Kivu, seizing several areas, including the resource-rich town of Luhwinja. The presence of Chinese mining interests in the region underscores the conflict’s economic dimensions.

Outlook and Strategic Concerns

According to Africa Security Analysis, progress in peace negotiations has been slow. Humanitarian access, including the reopening of Goma’s airport, remains limited. Despite the Doha talks, M23 has taken control of areas near Lake Edward, complicating efforts to de-escalate the conflict.

Analysts suggest that an agreement to end hostilities in the Great Lakes region could challenge regional dynamics, including Rwanda’s alleged involvement. M23 continues to consolidate its position, including targeting the Kasindi border post, a significant trade and customs point. The potential loss of this location could impact regional security and economic flows, particularly if it leads to the suspension of joint operations with Uganda.

Military experts warn that the Congolese army must reassess its strategies to avoid prolonged defensive operations. Emphasis has been placed on preparing for potential breakthroughs along key strategic axes, such as Lubero-Butembo and Kasindi.

The DRC government, under President Tshisekedi, is working to balance diplomatic and military efforts, including ongoing cooperation with international partners such as the United States. The evolving situation on the ground remains fluid, and the outcome of both diplomatic talks and military manoeuvres will be critical in determining the trajectory of the conflict.