Severe Penalties for Burundian Soldiers Refusing to Fight M23
On February 6, 2025, 272 Burundian soldiers were sentenced for refusing to fight alongside FARDC against M23. The sentences range from four years in prison to life, with the possibility of appeal within two months. The soldiers were classified into four categories according to their mode of return to Burundi:
1. First category: first-class soldiers and corporals who returned by plane, sentenced to four years in prison.
2. Second category: corporals and non-commissioned officers repatriated by plane, sentenced to five years in prison.
3. Third category: first-class soldiers and corporals repatriated by boat, sentenced to ten years in prison.
4. Fourth category: corporals and non-commissioned officers who arrived by boat, sentenced to life imprisonment.
One soldier was sentenced to one year in prison. Currently detained in the central prison of Murembwe in Rumonge, they were previously incarcerated in Ruyigi, Bururi, and Rumonge. The Burundian army is engaged in the war against M23 in North Kivu, alongside FARDC and local militias, under a bilateral partnership. Despite criticisms, President Évariste Ndayishimiye defends this mission.
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Escalating Jihadist Violence and Political Fragmentation in the Sahel
In the last week of April 2025, the Sahel region experienced a significant escalation in violence and instability, primarily driven by jihadist groups and ongoing political fragmentation. JNIM, an al-Qaeda-affiliated group, launched coordinated attacks across Mali, Burkina Faso, and Benin from April 21–25, targeting civilians, security forces, and urban centres.
A Fragile Ceasefire in Eastern DRC
Amid ongoing violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), two nearly identical statements released on April 23, 2025, announced an immediate ceasefire. One was signed in Goma by a member of the rebel group AFC/M23—someone not even officially part of the delegation—and the other was issued by the Congolese government in Kinshasa.
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