Shifting Power Dynamics in Tripoli

The Fallout from Abdel Ghani al-Kikli's Assassination and Its Impact on Libya's Security

On May 12, 2025, Tripoli experienced a dramatic turning point when Abdel Ghani al-Kikli—affectionately known as "Gheniwa" and the commander of the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA)—was assassinated. His killing set off violent clashes between rival militias, resulting in several casualties and a notable reorganization of the city's power structure.

Abdel Ghani al-Kikli and the Stability Support Apparatus

Emerging in the wake of Libya’s 2011 revolution, al-Kikli quickly became a key militia figure. Originally at the helm of the Abu Salim Brigade, he later reorganized the group into the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA) in 2021, integrating it with the Ministry of Interior under the Government of National Unity (GNU). The SSA extended its operations mainly in Tripoli, exerting considerable influence over state institutions and security measures across the capital.

The Assassination and Its Immediate Fallout

Al-Kikli was killed during what appeared to be a carefully orchestrated ambush at a meeting held in a facility managed by the 444th Brigade, a rival militia under the leadership of Mahmoud Hamza. Disguised as an effort at reconciliation, this premeditated attack prompted the 444th Brigade to launch a series of coordinated strikes on SSA positions throughout Tripoli—most notably in the Abu Salim district, a bastion of SSA power. These assaults led to the seizure of key SSA assets and the detention of numerous fighters.

Casualties and Impact on Civilians

The ensuing violence claimed at least six lives, including al-Kikli’s, and left many injured. The conflict disrupted daily life throughout Tripoli, triggering power outages, halting flights at Mitiga International Airport, and forcing the closure of schools. With heavy gunfire and armoured convoys reported in multiple neighbourhoods, residents found themselves compelled to remain indoors in search of safety.

Government Response and Consolidation of Power

In response to the chaos, Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah’s administration acted swiftly to restore order. Forces loyal to the GNU—comprising the 444th and 111th Brigades—moved into secure critical areas previously under SSA control. The Ministry of Defence quickly declared total control over the Abu Salim neighbourhood, marking a significant step in reshaping Tripoli's security landscape.

International Reactions

Global and regional observers took note of the escalating violence. The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) and several embassies issued urgent calls for de-escalation and the protection of civilians. Additionally, the Turkish and Bangladeshi embassies advised their nationals to heed local security advisories and remain vigilant.

Implications for Libya's Security and Political Future

The assassination of al-Kikli, coupled with the subsequent power realignment, underscores the fragility of Libya's security apparatus—a system in which militias continue to wield considerable influence. While the GNU’s rapid consolidation of control in Tripoli may herald a move towards a more centralized and stable government, the persistent issues of militia autonomy and inter-factional rivalries remain unresolved challenges for the country’s future.

The unfolding events of May 12, 2025, represent a critical juncture in Libya's ongoing battle against militia dominance and political disarray. Although recent government actions suggest a possible shift towards greater authority and stability, the road to enduring peace and unified governance is likely to remain complex and fraught with challenges.